Résumé
The perceived social connectedness (CS) is a one-dimensional construct conceptualized as the cognitive assessment that there is a close relationship with others, with whom contact can be made. This study aims to adapt the Social Connectedness Scale (SCS) to the Brazilian context, gathering evidence of psychometric adequacy. Two studies were conducted, the first (N = 285, mean age 24 years, SD = 4.92; 62% male) to obtain the exploratory factorial structure and the second (N = 300; mean age 23 years; SD = 5.43; 51% male) directed to confirmatory analysis of the unidimensionality and parameters of the item response theory. Internal consistency was satisfactory, as well as the evidence of convergent validity obtained from the negative correlations with the scale of depression, anxiety and stress. The results showed that the Portuguese version of the SCS gathered adequate psychometric evidence supporting its use in the measurement of SC.
Références
Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2010). Weighted least squares estimation with missing data. Mplus Technical Appendix, 2010, 1-10.
Baker, F. B. (2001). The basics of item response theory (Second edition). ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation, College Park, MD.
Bower, J. M., & Carroll, A. (2015). Benefits of getting hooked on sports or the arts: Examining the connectedness of youth who participate in sport and creative arts activities. International Journal of Child and Adolescent Health, 8(2), 169-178.
Chalmers, R. P. (2012). MIRT: A multidimensional item response theory package for the R environment. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(6), 1-29
Cockshaw, W. D., & Shochet, I. M. (2010). The link between belongingness and depressive symptoms: An exploration in the workplace interpersonal context. Australian Psychologist, 45(4), 283–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050061003752418
Cruwys, T., Dingle, G.A., Haslam C, et al. (2013) Social group memberships protect against future depression, alleviate depression symptoms and prevent depression relapse. Social Science & Medicine 98, 179-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.013
Duru, E. (2007). An adaptation study of social connectedness scale in Turkish culture. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 26, 85-94.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2009). Análise multivariada de dados. Bookman editora.
Haslam, S.A., Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., Jetten, J., Bentley, S.V., Fong, P., & Steffens, N.K. (2021). Social identity makes group-based social connection possible: Implications for loneliness and mental health. Current opinion in psychology, 43, 161-165.
Holt-Lunstad, J., Robles, T. F., & Sbarra, D. A. (2017). Advancing social connection as a public health priority in the United States. The American psychologist, 72(6), 517–530. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000103
Hunsaker, A., Hargittai, E., & Piper, A. M. (2020). Online social connectedness and anxiety among older adults. International Journal of Communication, 14(29), 697-725.
Ko, S. Y., Wei, M., Rivas, J., & Tucker, J. R. (2022). Reliability and Validity of Scores on a Measure of Stigma of Loneliness. The Counseling Psychologist, 50(1), 96-122.
Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1995). Measuring belongingness: The social connectedness and social assurance scales. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 42, 232–241. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.42.2.232
Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1998). The relationship between social connectedness and anxiety, self-esteem, and social identity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(3), 338–345. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.45.3.338
Lee, R. M., Draper, M., & Lee, S. (2001). Social connectedness, dysfunctional interpersonal behaviors, and psychological distress: Testing a mediator model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48(3), 310–318. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.48.3.310
Liu, J., Li, S., Yan, X., Li, J., Sun, Q., Mei, H., & Rao, H. (2023). Social Connection and Lifestyle Factors Associated With Happiness in Urban Older Adults in China: A Cross-Sectional Study With a Community Sample. Research in Gerontological Nursing, 1-14.
Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ferrando, P. J. (2019). A general approach for fitting pure exploratory bifactor models. Multivariate behavioral research, 54(1), 15-30. http://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2018.1484339
Marotta, L., Pesce, A., & Guazzini, A. (2020). Before and after the Quarantine: An Approximate Study on the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on the Italian Population during the Lockdown Period. Future Internet, 12(12), 229. http://doi.org/10.3390/fi12120229
Morina, N., Kip, A., Hoppen, T. H., Priebe, S., & Meyer, T. (2021). Potential impact of physical distancing on physical and mental health: a rapid narrative umbrella review of meta-analyses on the link between social connection and health. BMJ open, 11(3), e042335.
Muthén, L. K. & Muthén, B. O. (2010). Mplus: The comprehensive modeling program for applied research (6th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén&Muthén.
Nguyen, M. H., Le, T. T., & Meirmanov, S. (2019). Depression, acculturative stress, and social connectedness among international university students in Japan: a statistical investigation. Sustainability, 11(3), 878. http://doi.org/10.3390/su11030878
Patias, N. D., Machado, W. L., Bandeira, D. R., & Dell’Aglio, D. D. (2016). Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) – Short Form: Adaptação e Validação para Adolescentes Brasileiros. Psico-USF, 21(3), 459-469
Rauthmann, J. F. (2013). Investigating the MACH–IV with item response theory and proposing the trimmed MACH. Journal of personality assessment, 95(4), 388-397. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2012.742905
Samejima, F. (1968). Estimation of latent ability using a response pattern of graded scores 1. ETS Research Bulletin Series, 1968(1), 1-172. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2333-8504.1968.tb00153.x
Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., Chu, C., Dougherty, S. P., Gallyer, A. J., Spencer-Thomas, S., Shelef, L., Fruchter, E., Comtois, K. A., Gutierrez, P. M., Sachs-Ericsson, N. J., & Joiner, T. E. (2019). Perceptions of belongingness and social support attenuate PTSD symptom severity among firefighters: A multistudy investigation. Psychological Services, 16(4), 543-555. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000240
Wu, Y. J., Wu, Y. J., Chen, C. W., & Sun, R. (2021). The Relations of Social Support and Social Connectedness to Well-being during the COVID-19 Pandemic across 49 countries. Manuscript. Disponível em: https://psyarxiv.com/7fqvs/
Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International.
(c) Tous droits réservés Ana Karla Silva Soares, Maria Celina Ferreira Goedert , Camila Campanhã, José Ángel Vera Noriega 2023