Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology

What do trajectories tell us about cognitive planning in preschool children?

Elda Cerchiaro-Ceballos — 2023-04-01

The study of cognitive planning in preschool children is approached from the analysis of trajectories in the solution of the Tower of Hanoi (ToH). We worked with a sample of 50 children between 4 and 6 years old, selected from preschool educational institutions. Non-experimental cross-sectional study with a microgenetic design of repeated measures (5 attempts of resolution) in which the children solved the problem in a game session through a web application. The cognitive planning functions exhibited by boys and girls in the solution of the problem show a variable microdevelopment. The results show different planning modalities, independently of age, with variable and differentiated dynamics in the trajectories. Variability is an indicator of reorganization of cognitive planning that adjusts - moment to moment - to the demands and constraints of the task. Coexistence of different planning modalities during the solution process. The analysis of trajectories allows going beyond the success or failure in solving the task, to show global characteristics of the cognitive functioning of planning.

Association Between Family Functioning and Depressive Symptoms Among Colombian High-School Adolescents

Monica Reyes-Rojas — 2023-04-01

The study aimed to estimate the correlation between family functioning and depressive symptoms among high-school adolescents in Santa Marta, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was done, which involved a sample of high-school students between 13 and 17 years old. Students completed the Family APGAR questionnaire that quantifies adaptation, participation, growth, affectivity, and problem-solving in the family context and the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5-WBI) quantifying depressive symptoms. Spearman (r_s) correlations established the relationship between the Family APGAR item scores and the total WHO-5-WBI score. 1,462 students participated in the study (M = 15.98, SD = 0.82), and 60.33% were females. The correlations between the Family APGAR items and depressive symptoms scores were r_s = 0.34 for adaptation, r_s = 0.37 for participation, r_s = 0.33 for growth, r_s = 0.33 for affectivity, and r_s = 0.38 for problem resolution, all with p-values < 0.01. In conclusion, the Family APGAR items correlated positively with depressive symptoms. Family functioning should always consider in studies that explore depressive symptoms in high-school students.

Conceptual and Methodological Aspects of Emotional Labor: An Integrative Review

Ana Célia Araújo Simões — 2023-04-01

Ever since emotional labor (EL) was first described in 1979, the number of theories and measures to study this phenomenon has grown. The objective of this integrative review was to systematize and critically analyze the state of the art of theoretical production and measures regarding EL between 1979 and July 2022. Seventy-eight works were selected from 222 initially identified. The results showed two main theoretical aspects for its definition and measurement: as a phenomenon that occurs internally within the subject and as the individual's expressed emotional behavior. One of the main conclusions is that the theories and measures reviewed do not simultaneously contemplate the three components initially proposed by the Hochschild model to characterize EL (demands, strategies, and emotional performance). This imposes limits on apprehension of the phenomenon. The implications for the development of the area are discussed.

Psychological aspects in children and adolescents with dyslexia: a systematic review

Mara Dantas Pereira — 2023-04-01

This study aimed to understand the psychological aspects related to dyslexia in the childhood and adolescence phases within the school context, using international productions published between 2009 and 2020. A systematic review of the literature was carried out using the following search strategy: ("Dyslexia" OR "Dyslexia, Developmental" OR "Disorders, Developmental Reading" OR "Reading Disorders" OR "Reading Disability, Developmental") AND ("Child" OR "Children") AND ("Mental Health" OR "Anxiety" OR "Depression" OR "Self Esteem") AND ("School" OR "Primary Schools" OR "Secondary School"), in the PsycINFO, PubMed, WoS and Scopus databases. A total of three hundred and seventeen files were found, with the final bank of analysis consisting of eleven studies. The results showed that the dyslexic condition experienced in childhood and adolescence has repercussions on various psychological aspects of the subject, as they are more likely to develop symptoms of anxiety and depression, negatively affecting the self-esteem of these individuals. Despite this, it is emphasized the importance of new studies involving only one phase of the life cycle of the two addressed, in order to provide better understanding of how the psychological aspects manifest themselves in dyslexic individuals according to their age group.

Longitudinal study on mental health of university students and the COVID-19 pandemic: comparisons and perspectives

Marco Antonio Silva Alvarenga — 2023-04-01

The pandemic of COVID-19 affected several social groups, including university students. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the mental health of higher education students in two different moments of the pandemic. This is a longitudinal study, with a non-probabilistic and convenience sample formed by 95 participants (M_age = 27.29 years; SD = 7.713) from a federal university in Minas Gerais state. One-way Bayesian ANOVA for repeated measures was used to compare the mental health of the volunteers in two moments of the pandemic and network analysis was used to verify how the variables were related in these two moments of the evaluation, as well as which of them had the greatest expected influence in the emerging models. We used measures of life satisfaction, suicidal ideation, depression, anxiety, and stress. The results indicated that there were no differences in the expression of mental health of the participants in the periods, presenting the levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidal ideation with the greatest expected influence on the two models generated. These results revealed the relationships between the variables of each period and their outcomes, besides allowing the raising of considerations about future care in relation to college students' mental health.

Addiction to the Internet and Cyberbullying in Adolescents and Young Adults

Teresa Portilho Carvalho — 2023-04-01

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between Internet addiction (measured using the Internet Addiction Test-IAT), victimization by cyberbullying (measured using the Cybervictimization Questionnaire- CYVIC) and aggression by cyberbullying (measured using the Cyber-aggression Questionnaire - CYBA). The sample consisted of 553 adolescents and young adults, aged between 17 and 30 years. We observed that 82.2% of participants had mild to moderate addiction to the Internet. The results show differences in terms of age, with adolescents being the age group most involved in cyber-victimization. They also suggest differences in the frequency of use of the Internet in relation to addicted use of the Internet, verifying that more hours of daily use of the Internet are related to the addictive use of the Internet. It was also possible to verify that the addition to the Internet is positively associated with cyber-victimization and cyber-aggression, and a positive association was found between cyber-victimization and cyber-aggression. Finally, there is a predictive effect of Internet addiction on both forms of cyberbullying. The need for greater attention on the part of health professionals regarding problems that arise in the virtual world is highlighted.

Complexifying the Historiographical Perspective: Epistemic and Methodological tools for a History of Psy Knowledge

Sebastián Matías Benítez — 2023-04-01

The aim of this article is to present and analyse a series of conceptual tools for a critical approach to the history of psychology, psychiatry and psychoanalysis. This article examines the growth of the field of the history of psi knowledge in the Ibero-American context, recovering the contributions of studies on the circulation of knowledge, the distinction between centres and peripheries and transnational perspectives. Considering the contribution of Critical Epistemology, it is important to establish the research problem by complexifying the instruments of analysis. A new field of research is presented, and a specific problem is outlined which allows us to account for the use of this conceptual and historiographical apparatus: R. Senet’s ideas about argentinian boys’ development and education at the beginning of the 20^th century

Research trends on the relationship between parenting and prosocial behaviors in children and adolescents

Anyerson Stiths Gómez Tabares — 2023-04-01

The parental role in the prosocial development of children and adolescents is a relevant topic in the social sciences. Although psychology has investigated parental competencies and prosocial behaviors, its research trends have not been analyzed. The aim of this paper is to analyze the scientific production and research trends on the relationship between parenting and prosocial behaviors in children and adolescents. The bibliographic search was carried out in the Web of Science database. The bibliometrix, Sci2 Tool and Gephi tools were used. The results highlight the current importance of contextual and intercultural factors in the study of parenting and prosocial development. The main research trends focused on the analysis of the mediation of emotional and moral factors between parenting practices and prosocial behavior in adolescents; parenting and psychological factors associated with prosocial development in childhood; and parenting practices associated with prosocial and antisocial behavior in adolescents. It is concluded that psychological factors such as empathy, positive affect and emotional self-efficacy, as well as family values, influence prosocial development in children and adolescents through positive parenting practices and styles.

Analysis of motives, context and bidirectionality of dating violence in young couples

José Luis Rojas-Solís — 2023-04-01

The possible bi-directionality of violence in young couples is a heavily debated topic in the scientific literature, which is why it requires greater specification in its analysis. This study is aimed at identifying the motives, context and response to dating violence behavior using a quantitative approach. A sample of 539 Mexican adolescents was used with a profile of victims and perpetrators. The results indicated jealousy as being the main motive why different forms of dating violence are committed and suffered, as well as noting that most of these violent acts usually arise in the middle of an argument. Furthermore, a similar percentage of men and women could use violence as a form of self-defense to other forms of violence exerted by their partner. In conclusion, more studies are needed to analyze the motives and context of violent acts and determine whether mutual violence arises as a form of self-defense or as a way to gain power and control over the other party.

Recantation After Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse: The Perspective of Professionals

Pedro Augusto Dias Baía — 2023-04-01

The recantation after disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA) configures situations in which potential victims deny their previous reports. This study aimed to identify, from the perspective of professionals, the risk and protective factors associated with recantation. Individual interviews were conducted with 23 professionals, social workers, tutelary counselors, magistrates, pedagogues, and psychologists, from Brazil and Portugal. From the thematic analysis carried out, six themes related to the risk factors emerged: “Conditions Related to the Child”, “Proximity between Victim and Aggressor”, “Disclosure in the Informal Context”, “Family System”, “Community Pressures” and “CSA Assistance Network”. Two themes related to protection factors emerged: “Service Procedures” and “Institutional Strategies”. The themes found denote the importance of an ecological and multidisciplinary approach to retraction. The implications of the results for the field of assessment of the risk of recantation and the responses to be provided by judicial and non-judicial entities are discussed.