Palavras-chave
transtornos psicológicos
variável latente
terapia baseada em processos
Como Citar
Resumo
A abordagem de rede oferece alternativa à concepção de transtornos psicológicos como doença latente. Transtornos psicológicos são então, conceitualizados como redes de interação causal de sintomas. A análise de rede permite uma visão única do sistema do indivíduo, obtida a partir de dados, em vez de categorização. Permite focar em intervenções específicas para relações de sintomas específicos, em vez de abordagens protocolares. Com o objetivo de oferecer um panorama atual sobre os estudos da abordagem de rede e apresentar as possíveis implicações na prática clínica, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura a partir das bases de dados Scopus e PubMed. Estudos buscaram construir redes de sintomas usando métodos de coleta de dados transversais e séries-temporais, permitindo analisar a centralidade do sintoma na rede inter/intra-individual, possibilitando elaborar intervenções específicas para cada paciente. Pesquisas sugerem que mudanças na conectividade dos sintomas, e a demora da reestabilização da rede de um indivíduo após uma perturbação, leva à mudança de um estado-saudável para um estado-patológico. Monitorar a dinâmica da rede pode antever recaídas, permitindo intervenção precoce nos sintomas-centrais. Em conclusão, as redes podem fornecer informações sobre mecanismos psicológicos específicos subjacentes ao desenvolvimento de transtornos psicológicos. Todavia, as pesquisas são preliminares e um consenso sobre o modelo de análise é necessário. Também precisa-se considerar quais tipos de variáveis devem ser incluídas nas redes psicopatológicas.
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