Palabras clave
accidente cerebrovascular
revisión
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Resumen
El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo conocer los hallazgos sobre la calidad de vida (CV) en pacientes sobrevivientes a ictus, mediante la revisión de estudios empíricos publicados en el periodo de 2012 a 2017, en las bases de datos de Sciencedirect y Proquest. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo de tipo documental, en el que se utilizaron como descriptores de búsqueda las palabras: calidad de vida, ictus y ACV. Se identificaron inicialmente 1679 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 44 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. De cada uno de los artículos se analizó el diseño metodológico, las características de los participantes, los instrumentos de medición de la CV, los principales resultados obtenidos y las limitaciones reportadas. De los 44 artículos revisados el 97% eran de corte cuantitativo, siendo el diseño observacional transversal con alcance relacional el más prevalente. El principal tema abordado en las investigaciones fue el de los factores asociados a la CV; siendo la funcionalidad, el estado neurológico y la depresión, las variables predictivas más reportadas. Se espera que a futuro la investigación sobre el tema se realice a través de investigaciones mixtas o con diseños observacionales longitudinales, que incluyan participantes con edades inferiores a los 18 años, que realicen evaluaciones con escalas específicas, y que profundicen sobre el efecto de variables cognitivas, psicológicas y del proceso de cuidado en la Calidad de vida.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2020 Elsa Fernanda Siabato Macias, Gloria Johanna Montaña Mogollón