Resumen
Implicit memory tasks involve an increase in performance for previously seen items when compared to new items, independent of whether or not participants correctly classify the item as old. In this study we evaluated the effect of sex differences on word fragment (WFC) word stem completion (WSC) tasks, under the hypothesis that they would show no differences between tasks, and that women would overall perform better than men. 24 undergraduate students participated in this study, which consisted of a shallow encoding task, followed by a fragmented word completion task. Results did not reveal differences in performance between men and women on overall word completion rates. However, we found differences between WSC and WFC in men and women. Contrary to our hypothesis, women did not perform better than men.Citas
Badgaiyan, R. D., & Posner, M. I. (1997). Time course of cortical activations in implicit and explicit recall. The Journal of Neuroscience, 17(12), 4904-4913.
Burton, L. A., Rabin, L., Vardy, S. B., Frohlich, J., Wyatt, G., Dimitri, D., & Guterman, E. (2004). Gender differences in implicit and explicit memory for affective passages. Brain and Cognition, 54(3), 218-224.
Fay, S., Isingrini, M., & Clarys, D. (2005). Effects of depth-of-processing and ageing on word-stem and word-fragment implicit memory tasks: Test of the lexical-processing hypothesis. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 17(6), 785-802
Goldstein, E. B. (2008). Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience. Supplement. Cengage Learning.
Hampson, E., Finestone, J. M., & Levy, N. A. (2005). Menstrual cycle effects on perceptual closure mediate changes in performance on a fragmented objects test of implicit memory. Brain and cognition, 57(2), 107-110.
Herlitz, A., Nilsson, L. G., & Bäckman, L. (1997). Gender differences in episodic memory. Memory & cognition, 25(6), 801-811.
Lorenzi, I., Giunta, F., & Di Stefano, M. (2006). Implicit and explicit memory formation: influence of gender and cultural habits. Archives italiennes de biologie, 144(1), 25-31.
Maki, P. M., Rich, J. B., & Rosenbaum, R. S. (2002). Implicit memory varies across the menstrual cycle: estrogen effects in young women. Neuropsychologia, 40(5), 518-529.
Meng, Y., & Guo, C. (2007). ERP dissociation and connection between implicit and explicit memory. Chinese Science Bulletin, 52(21), 2945-2953.
Mitchell, D. B. (2006). Nonconscious Priming After 17 Years Invulnerable Implicit Memory?. Psychological Science, 17(11), 925-929.
Paller, K. A. (1990). Recall and stem-completion priming have different electrophysiological correlates and are modified differentially by directed forgetting. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16(6), 1021.
Poromaa, I. S., & Gingnell, M. (2014). Menstrual cycle influence on cognitive function and emotion processing—from a reproductive perspective. Frontiers in neuroscience, 8.
Rajaram, S., & Roediger, H. L. (1993). Direct comparison of four implicit memory tests. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19(4), 765.
Razumiejczyk, E., Macbeth, G., & López Alonso, A. O. (2008). Evidencia de priming gustativo y su disociación con la memoria explícita. Revista Universitas Psychologica, 7(2), 549-556.
Richardson-Klavehn, A., & Gardiner, J. M. (1995). Retrieval volition and memorial awareness in stem completion: An empirical analysis. Psychological research, 57(3), 166-178.
Roediger, H. L., Weldon, M. S., Stadler, M. L., & Riegler, G. L. (1992). Direct comparison of two implicit memory tests: Word fragment and word stem completion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18(6), 1251
Rugg, M. D., Mark, R. E., Walla, P., Schloerscheidt, A. M., Birch, C. S., & Allan, K. (1998). Dissociation of the neural correlates of implicit and explicit memory. Nature, 392(6676), 595-598.
Sherwin, B. B. (2012). Estrogen and cognitive functioning in women: Lessons we have learned. Behavioral neuroscience, 126(1), 123.
Soler, M. J., Ruiz, J. C., Vargas, M., Dasí, C., & Fuentes, I. (2011). Perceptual priming in schizophrenia evaluated by word fragment and word stem completion. Psychiatry research, 190(2), 167-171.
Sweatt, J. D. (2009). Mechanisms of memory. Academic Press.
Tulving, E. (1972). Episodic and semantic memory 1. Organization of Memory. London: Academic, 381, 402.
Tulving, E., & Schacter, D. L. (1990). Priming and human memory systems. Science, 247(4940), 301-306.
Voss, J. L., & Paller, K. A. (2008). Brain substrates of implicit and explicit memory: The importance of concurrently acquired neural signals of both memory types. Neuropsychologia, 46(13), 3021-3029.
Warrington, E. K., & Weiskrantz, L. (1968). A study of learning and retention in amnesic patients. Neuropsychologia, 6(3), 283-291.
Warrington, E. K., & Weiskrantz, L. (1974). The effect of prior learning on subsequent retention in amnesic patients. Neuropsychologia, 12(4), 419-428.
Weiss, E., Ragland, D., Brensinger, C., Bilker, W., Deisenhammer, E., M., Delazer. (2006) Sex differences in clustering and switching in verbal fluency tasks. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. 12, 502–509.
Los autores que publican con esta revista aceptan los siguientes términos:
Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y otorgan a la revista el derecho de primera publicación, con el trabajo [ESPECIFICAR EL PERÍODO DE TIEMPO] después de la publicación con licencia simultánea bajo una Licencia de Atribución de Creative Commons que permite a otros compartir el trabajo con un reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y la publicación inicial en este diario.
Los autores pueden celebrar acuerdos contractuales adicionales por separado para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión publicada del trabajo de la revista (por ejemplo, publicarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en este diario
Se permite y alienta a los autores a publicar su trabajo en línea (p. Ej., En repositorios institucionales o en su sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede generar intercambios productivos, así como una cita anterior y mayor del trabajo publicado (ver The Efecto del acceso abierto).