Psychology, Interamerican
Venezuelan Refugee Mothers in Brazil: Mental health indicators
PDF (Português (Brasil))

Keywords

Mental health
refugees mothers
DASS-21

How to Cite

Mira y Lopez, C., Jodra Jiménez, P., Carneiro de Mendonça, V., Nunes Andrade, R. G., & Peruzzi Elia da Mota, M. M. (2025). Venezuelan Refugee Mothers in Brazil: Mental health indicators. Revista Interamericana De Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 59(1), e2085. https://doi.org/10.30849/ripijp.v59(2025).e2085

Abstract

Currently, the country that occupies a prominent place on the world stage in terms of requesting asylum is Venezuela, with the request of a large contingent of people forced to migrate. In Brazil, according to registered data, there were a total of 477,493 Venezuelan refugees (R4V Platform, 2023). Knowing that migration can impact mental health (James et al., 2019). The objective of this study was to investigate the mental health indices Venezuelan refugee mothers in Brazil, with the purpose of identifying the indices of stress, anxiety and depression, using the DASS-21 instrument. Check whether there is a correlation between stress, anxiety and depression indices with sociodemographic data regarding age group, marital status and education level and, analyze the results of the Venezuelan sample with the indicators of the Brazilian population. The free and informed consent form was signed respecting ethical aspects. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program. As a result, there are high rates of anxiety (73%), followed by depression (56%) and low rates of stress (30%). When compared with the indices of the sample of the Brazilian population, the indices found are high, indicating the need for care focused on the mental health of those welcomed in Brazil.

 

https://doi.org/10.30849/ripijp.v59(2025).e2085
PDF (Português (Brasil))

References

Barrera-Herrera, A., Baeza-Rivera, M. J., Salazar-Fernández, C., & Manríquez-Robles, D. (2023). Analysis of the Mental and Physical Health Symptomatology Scale in a Sample of Emerging and Migrant Adults in Chile. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6), 4684. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064684

Bhugra, D. (2004). Migration and mental health. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109(4), 243-258. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0001-690X.2003.00246.x

Blackmore, R., Boyle, J. A., Fazel, M., Ranasinha, S., Gray, K. M., Fitzgerald, G., Misso, M., & Gibson-Helm, M. (2020). The prevalence of mental illness in refugees and asylum seekers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine. 17(9): e1003337. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003337

Borges, L. M., & Pocreau, J.-B. (2009). A identidade como fator de imunidade psicológica: contribuições da clínica intercultural perante as situações de violência extrema. Psicologia: teoria e prática, 11(3), 224-236. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-36872009000300016&lng=pt&tlng=pt.

Cantekin, D., & Genç€oz, T. (2017). Mental health of Syrian asylum seekers in Turkey: Therole of pre-migration and post-migration risk factors. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 36(10), 835-859. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2017.36.10.835

Chudzicka-Czupała, A., Hapon, N., Chiang, S-K., Żywiołek-Szeja, M., Karamushka, L., Lee, C. T., Grabowski, D., Paliga, M., Rosenblat, J. D., Ho, R., McIntyre, R. S., & Chen, Y-L. (2023). Depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress during the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian war, a comparison between populations in Poland, Ukraine, and Taiwan. Scientific Reports, 13(3602),. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28729-3

Colón-Aguirre, M. (2022). A refocusing on the study of the gatekeepers among linguistic minorities, the case of Spanish Speakers in the United States: implications for the study of information behavior. The International Journal of Information, Diversity, & Inclusion, 6(3), 38-51. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48700867

Dalgalarrondo, P. (2018). Psicopatologia e Semiologia dos Transtornos Mentais. Artmed.

Daza, P., Novy, D. M., Stanley, M. A., & Averill, P. (2002). The depression anxiety stress scale-21: Spanish translation and validation with a Hispanic sample. Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment, 24, 195-205.

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2021). Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso: O Processo e a Prática da Mudança Consciente. (2ª ed.). Artmed.

James, P., Iyer, A., & Webb, T. L. (2019). The impact of post-migration stressors on refugees’ emotional distress and health: A longitudinal analysis. European Journal of Social Psychology, 49(7), 1359-1397. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2589

Lipp, M. E. N. (2003). Mecanismos Neuropsicológicos do Stress: teoria e aplicações clínicas. Casa do Psicólogo.

Lipp, M. E. N., & Rocha, J. C. (1996). Stress, Hipertensão e Qualidade de Vida. Papirus.

Lovibond, P., & Lovibond, S. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u

Martins-Borges, L., Lodetti, M. B., Jibrin, M., & Pocreau, J.-B. (2019). Inflexões epistemológicas: a Etnopsiquiatria. Fractal: Revista De Psicologia, 31(spe), 249–255. https://www.scielo.br/j/fractal/a/XgtcLk68BTWYGxxD97Mv55r/abstract/?lang=pt#

Martins-Borges, L. (2021). Migrações involuntárias e impactos psíquicos: a mediação da cultura. In: Peres, Rodrigo Sanches et al. (Org.). Sujeito contemporâneo, saúde e trabalho: múltiplos olhares. São Carlos: Edufscar.

Melese, M., Simegn, W., Esubalew, D., Limenh, L. W., Ayenew, W., Chanie, G. S., Seid, A. M., Beyna, A. T., Mitku, M. L., Mengesha, A. K., & Gela, Y. Y. (2024). Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression, along with their associated factors, among Eritrean refugees in Dabat town, northwest Ethiopia, 2023. BMC Psychology, 12(62). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01554-7

Ministério da Saúde. (2022). Vigitel Brasil 2021: Vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico: Estimativas sobre frequência e distribuição sociodemográfica de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas nas capitais dos 26 estados brasileiros e no Distrito Federal em 2021. Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Departamento de Análise em Saúde e Vigilância de Doenças não Transmissíveis. https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/centrais-de-conteudo/publicacoes/svsa/vigitel/vigitel-brasil-2021-estimativas-sobre-frequencia-e-distribuicao-sociodemografica-de-fatores-de-risco-e-protecao-para-doencas-cronicas

Organização Internacional de Migração (2022). Tendencias Recientes de la Migración en las Américas. OIM: Buenos Aires y San José. Disponível em: https://robuenosaires.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl626/files/documents/tendencias-recientes-de-la-migracion-en-las-americas_sp.pdf.

Organização Mundial de Saúde (2022a). Informe Mundial de Saúde Mental: transformar a saúde mental para todos. Disponível em: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/oms-divulga-informe-mundial-de-saude-mental-transformar-a-saude-mental-para-todos/.

Organização Mundial de Saúde (2022b). Plano de Ação Integral de Saúde Mental 2013–2030. Disponível em: https://www.paho.org/pt/noticias/17-6-2022-oms-destaca-necessidade-urgente-transformar-saude-mental-e-atencao.

Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde (2024). Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde. Transtornos mentais. Disponível em: https://www.paho.org/pt/topicos/transtornos-mentais.

Plataforma R4V (2023). Plataforma de Coordenação Interagencial para Refugiados e Migrantes da Venezuela Plano de Resposta a Refugiados e Migrantes Disponível em: https://www.r4v.info/pt/document/rmrp-20232024-plano-regional-e-capitulo-brasil.

Rodríguez, F. (2019). Sanctions and the Venezuelan Economy: what the data say, Latam Economics Viewpoint, Torino Economics. https://venezuelanalysis.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sanctions-and-Vzlan-Economy-June-2019.pdf

Solà-Sales, S., Pérez-González, N., Van Hoey, J., Iborra-Marmolejo, I., Beneyto-Arrojo, M. J., & Moret-Tatay, C. (2021). "The Role of Resilience for Migrants and Refugees’ Mental Health in Times of COVID-19". Healthcare, 9 (1131). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091131

Straub, R. O. (2005). Psicologia da saúde. Artmed.

Whiteford, H. A., Degenhardt, L., Rehm, J., Baxter, A. J., Ferrari, A. J., Erskine, H. E., Charlson, F. J., Norman, R. E., Flaxman, A. D., Johns, N., Burstein, R., Murray, C. J. L., & Vos, T. (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet, 382(9904), 1575-1586. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6

World Health Organization. (2022a). International Statistical Classification of Diseases: The global standard for diagnostic health information. (11th ed.) https://www.who.int/classifications/classification-of-diseases

World Health Organization. (‎2022b)‎. World Mental Health Report: transforming mental health for all. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/356119.

Zangiabadi, S., Alghalyini, B., Zoubi, F., & Tamim, H. (2024). Effect of food insecurity on depression, anxiety, and stress among resettled Syrian refugees in Ontario. PLOS Glob Public Health, 4(3), e0002571. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002571

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2025 Cecilia Mira y Lopez, Pablo Jodra Jiménez, Valéria Carneiro de Mendonça, Regina Glória Nunes Andrade, Márcia Mária Peruzzi Elia da Mota