Resumo
El presente estudio investigó las creencias marianistas en diferentes generaciones de mujeres guatemaltecas con el objetivo de identificar si tales creencias se sostienen de generación en generación. Se evaluó un total de 50 mujeres guatemaltecas de 5 generaciones distintas con quienes se utilizó la Escala de Creencias Marianistas, elaborada por Castillo, Pérez, Castillo y Ghosheh (2010). En dicha escala se exploran cinco pilares básicos del marianismo: el pilar familiar, el modelo de virtuosidad y castidad, subordinación a otros, el silenciarse para mantener la armonía y el pilar espiritual. Se encontró que en Guatemala aún persisten creencias marianistas intergeneracionales sobre todo en aquellas relacionadas con la virtuosidad y castidad, que la educación influye directamente en las creencias marianistas y que el pilar espiritual es muy importante en mujeres de mayor edad. Lo que implica la necesidad de revisar el ideal femenino que se transmite a las nuevas generaciones y de incrementar el nivel educativo de la mujer guatemalteca.
The present study investigated “marianismo” in different generations of Guatemalan women in order to examine whether such beliefs are held over generations. We evaluated a total of 50 Guatemalan women of different generations using the Marianismo Beliefs Scale, developed by Castillo, Perez, Castillo and Ghosheh (2010). The scale measures five aspects of marianismo: the family pillar, virtuous and chaste, subordinate to others, silencing self to maintain harmony and spiritual pillar. We found that in Guatemala marianismo beliefs persist, especially those related to virtuosity and chastity, that education directly influences marianismo beliefs, and that the spiritual pillar is very important in older women. This implies the need to revise the feminine ideal that is transmitted to the younger generation and to increase the educational level of women in Guatemala
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