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El aprendizaje de reversión requiere que los sujetos inhiban una respuesta preponderante a un estímulo previamente reforzado y que cambien su conducta hacia una nueva contingencia de estímulo-refuerzo. Este permite medir la flexibilidad y el control inhibitorio, habilidades cruciales para los perros altamente entrenados, como es el caso de los perros de detección de olores. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si el entrenamiento en tareas de detección modula el aprendizaje de reversión con y sin claves sociales humanas. Se comparó el desempeño de perros entrenados en detección con perros de familia no entrenados, en un paradigma de aprendizaje espacial, utilizando solo una discriminación de lugar (derecha-izquierda; tarea no social) y luego incorporando a la clave de lugar una clave social (posición del cuerpo del experimentador; tarea social). Los resultados muestran que no hubo diferencias entre grupos en ninguna de las dos tareas. Esto podría relacionarse con las características particulares de dicho entrenamiento. Asimismo, el desempeño fue mejor en la tarea social que en la no social durante la discriminación inicial, pero en la fase de reversión se observó el patrón inverso. Estas discrepancias pondrían en evidencia la importancia de la presencia de claves sociales humanas en los entrenamientos.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Fabricio Carballo, Luciana Amezague, Raúl Marin, Mariana Bentosela