Palabras clave
Cómo citar
Resumen
Los adolescentes viven en constante interacción con los ámbitos de su vida familiar, escolar y del barrio, afectándolos y siendo afectados por ellos, desempeñando estos un papel activo en su bienestar subjetivo. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la influencia de los ámbitos familia, escuela y el barrio sobre la satisfacción con la vida de adolescentes chilenos. La muestra fue de 1392 adolescentes, quienes participaron en la International Survey on Children´s Well-Being (ISCWeB) en Chile. Los resultados mostraron que un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales configurado con cinco dimensiones referidas a la familia, la escuela y el barrio contribuyeron, conjuntamente, a explicar un 41% de la varianza de la satisfacción con la vida de los estudiantes. Al añadir al modelo las variables género, edad e índice de vulnerabilidad escolar no se observó ninguna influencia en la satisfacción vital. Un hallazgo inesperado y contradictorio con otros estudios fue que la satisfacción con la escuela no ejerció influencia en este modelo. Las implicancias del estudio refieren a que los resultados pueden funcionar como diagnóstico para proponer intervenciones del bienestar subjetivo basadas en fortalecer el ámbito familiar, escolar o del barrio de los estudiantes.
Citas
Alfaro, J., Guzmán, J., Sirlopú, D., García, C., & Reyes, F. (2016). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en los Estudiantes (SLSS) de Huebner en niños y niñas de 10 a 12 años de Chile. Anales de Psicología, 32(2), 383-392. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.2.217441
Alfaro, J., Guzmán, J., Sirlopú, D., Oyarzún, D., Reyes, F., Benavente, M., Varela, J., & Fernández, J. (2017). Sense of community mediates the relationship between social and community variables on adolescent life satisfaction. In G. Tonon (Ed.), Quality of Life in Communities of Latin Countries (pp. 185-204). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53183-0
American Psychological Association (2017). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. APA. https://www.apa.org/ethics/code
Bedin, L. M., & Sarriera, J. C. (2014a). Dyadic Analysis of Parent-Children Subjective Well-Being. Child Indicators Research, 7(3), 613-631. https://doi.org/:10.1007/s12187-014-9235-9
Bedin, L. M., & Sarriera, J. C. (2014b). Propriedades psicométricas das escalas de bem-estar: PWI, SWLS, BMSLSS e CAS. Avaliação Psicológica, 13(2), 213-225. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-04712014 000200009&lng=pt&tlng=pt
Bentler, P. (1990). Comparative Fit Indices in Structural Models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246.
Bradshaw, J., Keung, A., Rees, G., & Goswami, H. (2011). Children’s subjective well-being: International comparative perspectives. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(4), 548-556. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.05.010
Byrne, B. (2010). Structural Equation Models. The basics. In Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS. Basic concepts, Appplications, and Programming (pp. 3-15). Routledge. https://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html?id=551bcf4cd2fd6424088b45e4&assetKey=AS:273770781052931@1442283449007
Campbell, A. (1981). Domains of Life. In The sense of well-being In America: Recent patterns and trends (pp. 39-51).
McGraw-Hill.
Casas, F. (2015). Bienestar material y bienestar subjetivo. En G. de Castro (Coord.), El bienestar una conversación actual de la humanidad (pp. 17-34). Educo, Icaria Editorial.
Casas, F., Alfaro, J., Sarriera, J., Bedin, L., Grigoras, B., Bălţătescu S., Malo, S., & Sirlopú, D. (2015). El bienestar subjetivo en la infancia: Estudio de la comparabilidad de 3 escalas psicométricas en 4 países de habla latina. Psicoperspectivas, 14(1), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.5027/psicoperspectivas-Vol14-Issue1-fulltext-522
Casas, F., Bello, A., González, M., & Aligué, M. (2013). Children’s subjective well-being measured using a composite index: What impacts spanish first-year secondary education students’ subjective well-being? Child Indicators Research, 6(3), 433-460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-013-9182-x
Casas, F., & González, M. (2017). School: One world or two worlds? Children’s perspectives. Children and Youth Services Review, 80, 157-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.054
Cicognani, E., Albanesi, C., & Zani, B. (2008). The Impact of Residential Context on Adolescents’ Subjective Well Being.
Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 18, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp
Chaves, C., Vazquez, C., & Hervas, G. (2013). Benefit finding and well-being in children with life threatening illnesses: An integrative study. Terapia Psicológica, 31(1), 59-68. https://doi.org/:10.4067/S0718-48082013000100006
Clair, A. (2012). The Relationship between Parent’s Subjective Well-Being and the Life Satisfaction of Their Children in Britain. Child Indicators Research, 5(4), 631-650. https://doi.org/:10.1007/s12187-012-9139-5
Da Lomba, T. O. (2014). Factores Associados ao ajuste Esscolar eo Bem-Estar Psicologico dos Adolescentes em Cabo Verde.
Universitat de Valencia
Dalh, R., Allen, N., Wilbrecht, L. & Ballonoff, A. (2018). Importance of investing in adolescence from a developmental sciencie persepctive. Nature. (554), 441-450. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25770
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Tay, L. (2018). Advances in subjective well-being research. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(4), 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6
Diener, E., Suh, E., Lucas, R., & Smith, H. (1999). Subjective Well-Being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302. https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0033-2909.125.2.276
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
Dinisman, T., & Ress, G. (2014). Findings from the first wave of data collection. http://www.isciweb.org/_Uploads/dbsAtt
achedFiles/FirstWaveReport_FINAL(2).pdf
Dinisman, T., Fernandes, L., & Main, G. (2015). Findings from the First Wave of the ISCWeB Project: International Perspectives on Child Subjective Well-Being. Child Indicators Research 8 (1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-0 15-9305-7
Do Santos, B., Calza, J., Schütz, F., & Sarriera, J. (2013). Influências da Escola no Bem-Estar no Infantil. En A. Garcia, F.
N. Pereira, & M. S. P. De Oliveira (Eds.), Relações Interpessoais E Sociedade (pp. 60-79). Centro Internacional de Pesquisa do Relacionamento Interpessoal CIPRI/UFES.
Elmore, G. M., & Huebner, E. S. (2010). Adolescents’ Satisfaction with School Experiences: Relationships with Demographics, Attachment Relationships, and School Engagement Behavior. Psychology in the Schools, 47(6), 525-537. https://doi.org/:10.1002/pits.20488
Elvas, S., & Moniz, M. J. V. (2010). Sentimento de comunidade, qualidade e satisfação de vida. Analise Psicologica, 3(XXVIII), 451-464.
Gilman, R., & Huebner, S. (2003). A review of life satisfaction research with children and adolescents. School Psychology Quarterly, 18(2), 192-205. https://doi.org/:10.1521/scpq.18.2.192.21858
Goswami, H. (2014). Children’s subjective well-being: Socio-demographic characteristics and personality. Child Indicators Research, 7(1), 119-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-013-9205-7
Guzmán, J., Alfaro, J., & Varela, J. (2018). Sense of Community and Life Satisfaction in Chilean Adolescents. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 14, 589-601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9615-2
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Huebner, E. S. (1991). Initial development of the student’s life satisfaction scale. School Psychology International, 12(3), 231-240. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0143034391123010
Kaplan, D. (2008). Structural Equation Modeling: Foundations and Extensions Advanced Quantitative Techniques in the Social Sciences. Sage Publications, Inc.
Ito, A., & Smith, D. C. (2006). Predictors of school satisfaction among Japanese and U.S. youth. The Community Psychologist, 38(1), 19-21.
Jutras, S., & Lepage, G. (2006). Parental perceptions of contributions of school and neighborhood to children's psychological wellness. Journal of Community Psychology, 34(3), 305-325. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20101
Lee, B., & Yoo, M. (2015). Family, School, and Community Correlates of Children’s Subjective Well-being: An International Comparative Study. Child Indicators Research, 8(1), 151-175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-014-9285-z
Marques, S. C., Pais-Ribeiro, J. L., & López, S. J. (2007). Validation of a Portuguese version of the students’ life satisfaction scale. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 2(2), 83-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11482-007-9031-5
Michalos, A. C., & Orlando, J. A. (2017). Quality of life of some under-represented survey respondents: Youth, aboriginals and unemployed. In Connecting the Quality of Life Theory to Health, Well-being and Education: The Selected Works of Alex C. Michalos (pp. 255-275). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51161-0_11
McDougall, J., Wright, V., Nichols, M., & Miller, L. (2013). Assessing the psychometric properties of both a global and a domain-specific perceived quality of life measure when used with youth who have chronic conditions. Social Indicators Research, 114(3), 1243-1257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0200-z
Nunnally, J., & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychometric Theory. McGraw-Hill.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD] (2017). PISA 2015 Results (Volume III) (PISA). OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264273856-en
Oyanedel, J., Alfaro, J., Varela, J., & Torres, J. (2014). ¿Qué afecta el bienestar subjetivo y calidad de vida de las niñas y niños chilenos? Resultados de la encuesta internacional sobre bienestar subjetivo infantil. Universidad de Santiago de Chile.
Oyanedel, J. C., Alfaro, J., & Mella, C. (2015). Bienestar Subjetivo y Calidad de Vida en la Infancia en Chile. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 13(1), 313-327. https://doi.org/10.11600/1692715x.131180 40414
Oyarzún, D., Casas, F., Alfaro, J., & Ascorra, P. (2017). School and Neighborhood: Influences of Subjective Well-Being in Chilean Children. In J. Sarriera & L. Bedin (Eds.), Psychosocial Well-being of Children and Adolescents in Latin America (Vol. 783, pp. 223-247). Springer. https://doi.org/:10.1007/978-1-61779-282-3
Proctor, C., Linley, P., & Maltby, J. (2009). Youth life satisfaction: A review of the literature. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(5), 583-630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-008-9110-9
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo [PNUD] & Consejo Nacional de la Infancia (2018). Primera Encuesta de Desarrollo Humano en Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes. https://biblioteca.digital.gob.cl/handle/123456789/3654?sho w=full
Rees, G., Goswami, H., Pople, L., Bradshaw, J., Keung, A. & Main, G. (2012). The good childhood report 2012: A review of our children’s well-being. The Children’s Society- University of York. https://www.basw.co.uk/system/files/resour ces/basw_110600-6_0.pdf
Rees, G. & Main, G. (Eds.) (2015). Children’s views on their lives and well-being in 15 countries: An initial report on the Children’s Worlds survey, 2013-14. Children’s Worlds Project (ISCWeB).
Savahl, S., Casas, F., & Adams, S. (2021). The Structure of Children’s Subjective Well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.650691
Sarriera, J., Moura Jr., Ximenes, V. & Rodrigues, A. (2016). Senso de comunidade como promotor de bem estar em crianças brasileiras. Revista Interamericana de Psicología, 50(1), 106-116.
Sarriera, J., Schütz, F., Calza, T. & Strelhow, R. (mayo, 2013). Children’s Global Satisfaction with Life: Importance of Family, School and Relationships with Others. 4th International Society for Child Indicators (ISCI) International Conference. Seul. Corea del Sur. https://isci-haruv.org/iscis-conferences/4th-international-society-of-child-indicators-conference-2 013-seoul/
Suldo, S. M., Shaffer, E. J., & Riley, K. N. (2008). A social-cognitive-behavioral model of academic predictors of adolescents’life satisfaction. School Psychology Quarterly, 23(1), 56-69. https://doi.org/10.1037/1045-3830.23.1.56
Tomyn, A. J., Norrish, J. M., & Cummins, R. A. (2013). The Subjective Wellbeing of Indigenous Australian Adolescents: Validating the Personal Well-Being Index-School Children. Social Indicators Research, 110(3), 1013-1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9970-y
UNICEF (2015). Una aproximación a la situación de adolescentes y jóvenes en América Latina y El Caribe a partir de evidencia cuantitativa reciente. https://www.unicef.org/lac/informes/una-aproximaci%C3%B3n-la-situaci%C3%B3n-de-adolesc entes-y-j%C3%B3venes-en-am%C3%A9rica-latina-y-el-caribe
Weber, M., Ruch, W., & Huebner, E. S. (2013). Adaptation and Initial Validation of the German Version of the Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (German SLSS). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 29(2), 105-112. http://dx.do i.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000133
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2022 Denise Oyarzún-Gómez, Ferrán Casas Aznar, Ferrán Casas Aznar, Jaime Alfaro , Paula Ascorra