Keywords
socioenvironmental dilemma
Environmental Moral Reasoning
Ecocentrism
Anthropocentrism
How to Cite
Abstract
Many of the environmental problems currently experienced find resonance in the ethical issue that drives people's behavior. This study investigated the variations in the application of environmental ethics and the respective ethos attributed to responsibility for social and environmental problems in elementary school students in Manaus-AM, aged between 10 and 18 years. An interview centered on a dilemma about the construction of a hydroelectric plant and its socio-environmental impacts in the Amazon was applied. Faced with the dilemma narrated, most participants were against the execution of the project, evidencing a categorical imperative strongly anchored in a pro-environmental social desirability and associated with altruistic and biospheric motivations. However, the moral reasoning present in most participants manifested an anthropocentric ethical perspective for solving the problem presented. Those who took a stand in favor of installing the hydroelectric plant, despite the impacts, showed more egoist and apathic attitudinal motivations, with an eminently anthropocentric ecological moral reasoning in the solutions given to the dilemma.
References
Alencastro, M. S. (2019). Hans Jonas e a proposta de uma ética para a civilização tecnológica. Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, 19, 13-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.32.057.DS07
Amérigo, M., Aragonés, J., Frutos, B.D., Sevillano, V., & Cortés, B. (2007). Underlying Dimensions of Ecocentric and Anthropocentric Environmental Beliefs. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 10, 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600006351
Andrade, M. W. C. L. d., Camino, C. &, Dias, M.d.G.B.B. (2008). O desenvolvimento de valores humanos dos cinco aos 14 anos de idade: um estudo exploratório. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia, 42(1), 19-27. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-96902008000100003&lng=pt&tlng=pt .
Bardin, L. (2016). Análise de Conteúdo. Edições 70.
Bauman. Z. (2003). Ética pós-moderna. Paulus.
Bauman. Z. & Donskis. L. (2004). Cegueira moral: a perda da sensibilidade na modernidade líquida. Zahar.
Beluci, T. & Shimizu, A. d. M. (2007). Injustiças no cotidiano escolar: percepções de membros de uma escola pública. Revista Semestral da Associação Brasileira de Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, 11(2), 353-364. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=282321821013
BEN (2021) - Balanço Energético Nacional. Relatório Síntese 2021 – Ano Base 2020. Ministério de Minas e Energia. Brasília. https://www.epe.gov.br/pt/publicacoes-dados-abertos/publicacoes/balanco-energetico-nacional-2021.
Bermann, C. (2007). Impasses e controvérsias da hidreletricidade. Estudos Avançados, 21(59), 139-153. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142007000100011
Biaggio, A. M. B; Vargas, G. A. O; Monteiro, J. K.; Souza, L. K. & Tesche, S. L. (1999). Promoção de atitudes ambientais favoráveis através de debates de dilemas ecológicos. Estudos de Psicologia, 4(2), 221-238.
Blatt, M.; Kohlberg, L. (1975). The effects of classroom moral discussion upon children’s level of moral judgement. Journal of Moral Education, 4, 129-161.
Boff. L. (2003). Ética e Moral: a busca dos fundamentos. Editora Vozes.
Boff, L. (2006). Virtudes para um outro mundo possível. Editora Vozes.
Brennan, A. & Lo, Y-S. (2020). Environmental Ethics. In: Edward N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/ethics-environmental
Capra, F. (2008). Meio ambiente e educação. In: Trigueiro, A. (Org.). Meio ambiente no século 21. Armazém Ipê.
Capra, F. (1996). A teia da vida: uma nova compreensão científica dos sistemas vivos. Editora Cultrix.
Crumpei, I., Boncu, S., & Gabriel Crumpei, G. (2014). Environmental Attitudes and Ecological Moral Reasoning in Romanian Students. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 114, 461-465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.730
Depizzoli, Pe. A. M. & Poiani, D.F. (2013). Ética e Meio Ambiente. Revista Eletrônica Espaço Teológico, 7(12), 17-37. http://revistas.pucsp.br/index.php/reveleteo
Dettoni, J., & de Barba, C. (2020). Tecnologia, ética e meio ambiente em Hans Jonas: um olhar responsável para o futuro. Revista de Filosofia Aurora, 32(57), 715-733. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.32.057.DS07
Evans, G. W., Brauchle, G., Haq, A., Stecker, R., Wong, K., & Shapiro, E. (2007). Young children's environmental attitudes and behaviors. Environment and Behavior, 39(5), 635–659. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916506294252
Farrow, K.; Grolleaua, G. & Ibaneza, L. (2017). Social Norms and Pro-environmental Behavior: A Review of the Evidence. Ecologic Economics, 140, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.04.017
Farrell, J. (2011). Environmental Activism and Moral Schemas: Cultural Components of Differential Participation. Environment and Behavior XX(X), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916511422445
Freire, P. (2004). Pedagogia da Autonomia. Paz e Terra.
Gomes, L. R. (2014). A Relação entre Moralidade e Moral Ecológica: Um Estudo Psicogenético. Scheme, 6(1), 64-93.
Gomide, P. I. C. (2010). (Ed.). Comportamentomoral: uma proposta para o desenvolvimento das virtudes. Juruá.
Grün, M. (2007). A Pesquisa em Ética na Educação Ambiental. Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental, 2,185-206. https://doi.org/10.18675/2177-580X.vol2.n1.p185-206
Hardin, G. (1998). «Extensions of "The Tragedy of the Commons"». Science. 280 (5364): 682-683. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5364.682
Higuchi, M. I. G. & Calegare, M. G. A. (2016). A mudança climática na percepção de moradores da Resex do Rio Jutaí/AM. Em M. G. Aguilar Calegare; M. I. Gasparetto Higuchi. (Org.), Nos interiores da Amazônia: leituras psicossociais (151-172). Editora CVR.
Jamieson, D. (2010). Ética e meio ambiente. Senac.
Jeronimo, M. K. & Carvalho, D.B. (2021). A natureza, a técnica e a emergência de ética ambiental. Revista Húmus, 11(32), 35-56. http://www.periodicoseletronicos.ufma.br/index.php/revistahumus/article/view/16476/0
Jonas, H. (2014). O princípio responsabilidade: ensaio de uma ética para a civilização tecnológica. Contraponto.
Jonas, H. (2015). O princípio responsabilidade: ensaio de uma ética para a civilização tecnológica. Contraponto.
Jungues, J.R. (2004). Ética ambiental. Unisinos.
Kahn, P. H., Jr. (1997). Children’s moral and ecological reasoning about the Prince William Sound oil spill. Developmental Psychology, 33(6), 1091-1096.
Kahn Jr, P. H. & Lourenço, O. (2002). Water, air, fire, and earth: A developmental study in Portugal of environmental moral reasoning. Environment and Behavior, 34(4), 405-430. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00116502034004001
Kant, I. (2007). Fundamentação da Metafísica dos Costumes. Edições 70.
Karpiak, K.P, & Baril, G.L. (2008). Moral reasoning and concern for the environment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28, 203-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.12.001
Kasperbauer, T.J. (2016). The Implications of Psychological Limitations for the Ethics of Climate Change. Environmental Values, 25(3), 353-370. https://doi.org/10.3197/096327116X14598445991547
Knez, I. (2013). How Concerned, Afraid and Hopeful Are We? Effects of Egoism and Altruism on Climate Change Related Issues. Psychology, 4, 744-752. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2013.410106
Kohlberg, L. (1984). Essays on moral development: The psychology of moral development. Harper & Row.
Kortenkamp, K. V. & Moore. C. F. (2001). Ecocentrism and Anthropocentrism: moral reasoning about ecological commons dilemmas. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2001.0205
La Taille. Y. (2010). Moral e Ética: Uma leitura psicológica. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 26, 105-114.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722010000500009
Lourenço, O. & Kahn, P. (2000). Raciocínio ecológico-moral: Um estudo desenvolvimentista numa amostra de sujeitos de Lisboa. Análise Psicológica, 4(XVIII): 425-435.
Morin, E. (2004). Os sete saberes necessários á educação do futuro. UNESCO.
Oliveira, N.C.C.de. (2018). A grande aceleração e a construção de barragens hidrelétricas no Brasil. Varia Historia, 34(65), 315-346. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-87752018000200003
Omran, M.S. (2014). The Effect of Educating Environmental Ethics on Behavior and Attitude to Environment Protection. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 3(3), 141-150. http://www.european-science.com
Pato. C.M.L. (2011). Valores Ecológicos. In: Elali. G.A. & S. Cavalcante. (Orgs.) Temas básicos em Psicologia Ambiental. Editora Vozes.
Perkins, D. (2010). El aprendizaje pleno: Principios de la enseñanza para transformar la educación. Editorial Paidós.
Raymundo, L. S., Felippe, M. L., & Kuhnen, A. (2014). Desenvolvimento moral: vertentes pró-social e pró-ambiental. Fractal: Revista de Psicologia, 26(1), 89-106. Retrieved from https://periodicos.uff.br/fractal/article/view/4977
Rolston, H. (2012). A New Environmental Ethics: The Next Millenium for Life on Earth. Routledge.
Ruckert, J. H., & Arnold, R. (2018). Empathy-Related Reasoning Is Associated with Children's Moral Concerns for the Welfare and Rights of Animals. Ecopsychology, 10(4), 259-269. https://doi.org/10.1089/eco.2018.0039
Schultz, P. W. (2001). The structure of environmental concern: Concern for self, other people, and the biosphere. Journal of environmental psychology, 21(4), 327–339.
Seligman, C. (1989). Environmental Ethics. Journal of Social Issues, 45(1), 169-184.
Thompson, S. C. G., & Barton, M. A. (1994). Ecocentric and anthropocentric attitudes toward the environment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 14(2), 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80168-9
Thøgersen, J., & Ölander, F. (2006). To What Degree are Environmentally Beneficial Choices Reflective of a General Conservation Stance? Environment and Behavior, 38(4), 550-569. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0013916505283832
Tuncay, B., Yılmaz-Tüzün, Ö., & Cihangir, G. C. (2009). An Investigation of Gender Effect on University Students’ Environmental Reasoning Patterns toward Environmental Moral Dilemmas. Retrieved from https://narst.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/2009
Tuncay, B., Yilmaz-Tuzun. Ö., &Tuncer-Teksoz, G. (2011). The Relationship between Environmental Moral Reasoning and Environmental Attitudes of Pre-Service Science Teachers. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education, 1(30), 167-178. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1057520.pdf
Tuncay, B., Yılmaz-Tüzün, Ö., & Tuncer Teksoz, G. (2012): Moralreasoning patterns and influential factors in the context of environmental problems. Environmental Education Research, 18(4), 485-505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2011.630576
Vásquez, A. S. (2014). Ética. Civilização Brasileira.
Vestena, C.L.B. (2011). Piaget e a Questão Ambiental: sujeito epistêmico, diagnóstico e considerações educacionais. Cultura Acadêmica.
Watkins, H.W. & Goodwin, G.P. (2019). Reflecting on Sacrifices Made by Past Generations Increases a Sense of Obligation Towards Future Generations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 014616721988361 https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167219883610
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Maria Inês Gasparetto Higuchi, Eloisa de Sousa Santos